Indonesia.
Indonesia's new Criminal Code (Law 1 of 2023) contains a provision punishing a person who witnesses someone in mortal danger and gives no help that could be given without risk. Zakat is managed through a government body, BAZNAS, created under Law 23 of 2011, and a ministry page presents gotong royong (mutual cooperation) as an implicit value of Pancasila. A 2023 Health Law exempts medical personnel who provide emergency life-saving care from compensation claims.
Is there a legal duty to help a stranger?
LimitedArticle 432 of Law 1 of 2023 (the new Criminal Code, as transcribed on Wikisource) punishes anyone who, on witnessing a person facing mortal danger, gives no help that could be given without danger to themselves or others, but only if that person dies; the penalty is up to 6 months in prison or a category II fine. The older Code's Article 531 was similar (up to three months or a fine) and, per the quoted wording, also applied only if the person needing help died.
Are people who help protected?
LimitedLaw 17 of 2023 on Health is described in a 2025 journal article as exempting medical personnel and health workers who give life-saving or disability-preventing care in emergencies and disasters from compensation claims (Article 165(1)). No statute giving general good-faith protection to lay bystanders was found, and the same article says implementation of protections for health workers is weak.
How the government promotes giving and service
One thing worth knowing
Indonesia's Criminal Code provision on failing to help is limited to cases where the person in danger dies, and the older text was worded the same way (Article 531, per the Hukumonline quotation).
What this does not mean
Indonesian texts were read in Indonesian; the English renderings here are this guide's own, and the Article 432 text came from a Wikisource transcription of the official law because the official database (peraturan.bpk.go.id) blocked automated access, so check it before relying on it. Law 9 of 1961 (collection of money or goods) could not be fetched and is not described, and the Code's commencement date was not verified from an official page. Not legal advice. This is a plain-language summary of public sources, not legal advice, and it does not rank countries. No government named here has endorsed this site.